Kiln.



M. H. AVRAM.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16. 1913.

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Patented July 4, 1916.

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M. H. AVRAM.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED sgpr. i6. 1913.

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M. H. AVRAM.

KILN.

APPLICATION men SEPT. Is. 1913.

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UNITED STATES MOIS AVRAM, OF NEW"YORK,'N. Y.,"ASSIGNOR TUsTANDARD SILIGA1BRICK MACHINERY COMPANY, OF 1 WILMINGTON, QDELAWARE.

KILN.

Application filed SeptemberlG, 1913. Serial No. 290,010.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Mo'is H. AVRAM, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, county and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a kiln of novel construction which may be used for drying various materials, although it is more par ticularly designed for hardening or steam indurating sand lime bricks and similar articles. My improved kiln is preferably made of reinforced concrete and constitutes a tubular chamber of considerable length the ends of which may be closed by suitable gates. The construction is such that the entrance gate and the exit gate are simultaneously operated from one end of the kiln, so that all unnecessary delay in operating the gates for charging and emptying the kiln is avoided.

In the accompanying'drawing: Figure 1 is a side view of my improved kiln; Fig. 2 an enlarged vertical section on line 22, Fig.

1; Fig. 3 a. vertical longitudinal sectionthrough one end of the kiln; Fig. 4 an end view, partly broken away, of the kiln, and Fig. 5 a modification of the concrete reinforcement.

My improved kiln consists of a tubular body or shell preferably made of concrete and comprising essentially a substantially flat bottom 10 andan integral curved roof or top 11, said bottom and roof jointly form ing a drying chamber 12. \Vithin the top 11 of the kiln are embedded a number of spaced parallel longitudinal rods 13 which are con nected by interlaced transverse wires 14: as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. To the lower ends of wires 14 are firmly attached the up per ends of, substantially, U-shaped wiresor bails 15 that extend across and are'em-- bedded within the upper section of bottom- 10. In lieu of wires 14, wire'ne'tting 14* may be used for holding rods 13 in position (Fig. 5). The lower section ofbottom 10 is reinforced by a suitable wire netting 16 extending throughout the entire bottom.

Within the latter are embedded a pair of longitudinal rails 17 in such a manner that their heads project slightly beyond the upper surface of the bottom 10. In this way, a track is formed that e te ds hrough the en less than that-of chamber 12. Upon each board 19 are stacked the bricks 20 to be hardened, in such a manner "that 'the width of the pile thus formed'dimini'shes from the bottom toward the top, care being taken that the contour of said pile resembles closely to the shape of the inner kiln-wall (Fig. 2).

' The size of the brick-piles 'shouldbe such 'thatjust suflicient clearance is provided between them and the kiln-wall so as to permit an unobstructed travel of the cars.

"Both ends of the kiln are adapted to be closed by gates which are preferably of the general construction described in Patent Biol-888,573 granted to me for a kiln, on May 26, 1908. At each mouth of the kiln, there is embedded within the concretesections 10 and11,the'flange 21 of a yoke 22', the shape of said flange beingsuch that its inner surface extends flush with the in ner surface of thekiln (Fig. 3). Opposite the opening of the latter, yoke 22 is provided with a circular opening which is adapted to be closed by a correspondingly shaped door or gate 23. Y0ke22 is further Specification ofLettersPatent. Patented July-4,1916.

latter is made integral with adisk or frame 27 provided with suitable strengthening ribs as illustrated in Fig. 4:. Frame 27 has a central tubular hub 28 within-which is guided a central stud 29 of'gate 23." To stud 29 is secured a headed pin 30 which is influenced by a spring '31tending to draw gate 23 outward. Into frame 27 are tapped a suitable number of clamp screws "32 the inner ends of which are adapted to bear against gate 23 thereby forcing the same against yoke.22. To screws 32 are secured overlapping toothed sectors 33 whichengage 36 which is secured to one-end ofa'pintle 37.". The latter is loosely mounted within a toothed wheel 38 and carries at its other end a pinion 39 meshing with a stationary toothed wheel 40 keyed to hub 28. Pinions 6, 3 have an unequal number of teeth, one

screws 32 may be simultaneously advanced toward gate 23 or withdrawn therefrom.

In this way, the gate is either forced against its seat, or spring 31 is permitted to withdrawthe gate from said seat, so that it may be readily raised as hereinafter more fully described. For simultaneously actuating the wheels 38 of both gates, a shaft 41 is provided which extends along the kiln and is supported in suitable bearings 42. Shaft e1 carries a pair ofcrelatively fixed gear wheels 43 that engage wheels 38, while a hand wheel 4 secured. to one end of shaft 41, may be used for rotating the same. For simultaneously raising both end frames 27 together with their gates 23, a suitably supported longitudinal shaft 45 is provided which carries a pair of worms l6 and a chain wheel l7, the latter being provided with a depending endless chain L8. Each worm -16 engages a worm wheel 19 provided with a tapped central perforation which is engaged by a screw stem 50. The upper end of stem is guided within a suitable bearing 51 of a cross piece 52 connecting the vertical upper sections of yoke 23. The lower end of each stem 50 is, by a wedge 53, connected to frame 27. If it is desired to open the gates of the kiln for removing the hardened bricks, and introducing unhardened bricks, hand. wheel at is first operated to withdraw screws 32 from gates 23 in the manner above described. Chain 47 which is arranged in proximity to wheel at is then operated to cause a corresponding rotation of shaft l5 which, in turn, through worms 16 and worm wheels 47, will actuate screw stems 50 to raise frames 27 and gates 23. F or closing the gates, the operation is reversed as will be readily understood. At its bottom, chamber 12 is preferably provided with a longitudinal gutter 54 having a slight dip toward a drain pipe 55, so that any moisture, etc., condensed within cham ber 12 may be readily withdrawn therefrom. Pipe 55 is controlled at a readily accessible point by a suitable valve (not shown). The necessary steam for indurat- .ing the bricks may be admitted through a suitable supply pipe 56 apertured as at 57 for the discharge of the steam.

It will be seen that my improved kiln has important advantages over the kilns hitherto used, and more particularly over the kilns used for steam indurating sand lime bricks. As these kilns are of considerable lengths and where hitherto made of riveted iron tubes, the shipment thereof required special railroad cars which incurred delay and expensive shipment. With my improved construction, the kiln may be quickly built at the plant where the bricks are made, the only articles that necessitate shipment being the gates of the kiln and connected parts. Furthermore, the kiln does not require any additional lining to prevent radia tion of heat, nor does it require a special foundation. One of the principal advantages, however, is that the peculiar shape of the kiln permits its capacity to be most economically utilized. The iron. kilns hitherto used, had to be made in a cylindrical shape owing to the high steam pressure to which they are subjected. As the platform of the truck carrying the bricks was necessarily arranged near the widest section of said cylinder, its capacity was but imperfectly utilized, while with my improved concrete kiln, the capacity thereof is turned to the most useful account, as will be readily understood from Fig. 2 of the drawings.

I claim:

1. A kiln for steam indurating sand lime bricks, comprising a tubular shell made of reinforced concrete, said shell having a flat bottom and an integral curved top, a flanged yoke partly embedded within said concrete at each end of the shell, a gate slidably engaging each yoke, rails embedded within the shell-bottom and adapted to support a brickcarrying truck, and means for admitting steam into the interior of the shell.

2. A kiln for steam indurating sand lime bricks, comprising a'tubular shell made of reinforced concrete, said shell having a curved top and an integ 'al flat bottom provided with a longitudinal gutter, a flanged yoke partly embedded within said concrete at each end of the shell, a gate slidably engaging each yoke, rails embedded within the shell-bottom and adapted to support a brick-carrying truck, and a perforated steam inlet pipe extending along the gutter.

MOIS H. AVRAM. l/Vitnesses:

ARTHUR E. ZUMru, FRANK v. BRIESEN.

Copies. of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

